Patanjali Yoga Sootras - Chapter I - Samaadhi Pad - Sootra 1 - 10
Chapter I
Samaadhi Pada
Sootra 1 - Sootra 10
1. अथ योगानुशासनम् ।
ATHA YOGAANUSHAASANAM |
ATHA= HERE, NOW; YOGA= UNION,
CONNECTION; ANUSHAASANA = DISCIPLINE, INSTRUCTION, TEACHING;
Now, here is (for auspiciousness), the Instruction of Yoga.
2.योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः |
YOGASHCHITTAVRUTTINIRODHAH |
YOGA= UNION; CHITTA=MIND; VRUTTI= ACTIVITIES, ATTITUDES, TENDENCIES, ACTIVITIES; NIRODHAH
= CONTROL, STOPPAGE;
Yoga is restraint of assumed views in mind.
3. तदा द्रष्टुः स्वरूपेऽवस्थानम् ।
TADA DRASHTUHU SVAROOPE AVASTHAANAM |
TADA = THEN; DRASHTUHU = SEER; SVARUPE = own form; Avasthanam = STAYING;
4. वृत्तिसारूप्यम् इतरत्र |
VRUTTISAAROOPYAM ITARATRA |
SARUPYAM = REPLICATIONS, SIMILAR FORMS; ITARATRA =AT OTHER TIME, ELSE, OTHERWISE; VRUTTI = ATTITUDES, TENDENCIES;
Otherwise the replication of the Assumed Views or Vritti present in the mind are seen.
TADA = THEN; DRASHTUHU = SEER; SVARUPE = own form; Avasthanam = STAYING;
Then the Seer stays in own state, in the Own True Sense of Self.
VRUTTISAAROOPYAM ITARATRA |
SARUPYAM = REPLICATIONS, SIMILAR FORMS; ITARATRA =AT OTHER TIME, ELSE, OTHERWISE; VRUTTI = ATTITUDES, TENDENCIES;
Otherwise the replication of the Assumed Views or Vritti present in the mind are seen.
5. वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टा अक्लिष्टाः |
VRUTTAYAH PANCHATAYYAH KLISHTAA AKLISHTAAH |
VRUTTAYAH = ACTIVITIES, ATTITUDES, TENDENCIES; KLISHTAA = TROUBLESOME; AKLISHTAAH = NOT TROUBLESOME; PANCHATAYYAH=FIVEFOLD;
PRAMANA = EVIDENCE; VIPARYAY= MISCONCEPTION; VIKALPA = FALSE IMAGINATION, ILLUSION; NIDRA= DEEP SLEEP; SMRUTAYA = BY MEMORY;
They are (formed on the basis of) Evidence, Misconceptions, Altered Perception, Deep Sleep, and Memory.
7. प्रत्यक्षानुमानागमाः प्रमाणानि ।
PRATYAKSHAANUMANAAGAMAH PRAMANAANI |
PRATYAKSHA = DIRECT PERCEPTION OR EXPERIENCE; ANUMAANA = INTERPRETATION; AAGAMAAH = FROM TESTIMONIALS
Evidence based assumed views are through Direct Sense Perceptions, through Inference and through Testimonials.
8. विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानम् अतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम् ।
VIPARYAYO MITHYADNYANAM ATADROOPAPRATISHTHAM |
MITHYAADNYAANAM = FALSE KNOWLEDGE, DELUSION; ATAD = NOT ITS; ROOPA = FORM; PRATISHTHAM = ESTABLISHED;
Misconception is false knowledge of an object, which is not its true form.
9. शब्दज्ञानानुपाती वस्तुशून्यो विकल्पः ।
SHABDADNYANANUPAATI VASTUSHOONYO VIKALPAH |
SHABDA = SOUND, WORD; DNYANA = KNOLEDGE; ANUPATI = AS PER, BASED ON; VASTU = OBJECT; SHOONYA = LACKING, NOTHING, ABSENCE; VIKALPAH= FALSE IMAGINATION;
VRUTTAYAH PANCHATAYYAH KLISHTAA AKLISHTAAH |
VRUTTAYAH = ACTIVITIES, ATTITUDES, TENDENCIES; KLISHTAA = TROUBLESOME; AKLISHTAAH = NOT TROUBLESOME; PANCHATAYYAH=FIVEFOLD;
Assumed Views or Vrutti of Mind, Painful and Non-painful, are five-fold.
Five main causes of Pains in life are
Avidya or Lack of Knowledge of True Self
Asmita or Ego
Raaga or Attachment
Dvesha or Hatred
Abhinivesha or Fear of Death and Disease
Whenever the reasons of our actions are one of these five main distresses, then impressions of those actions will be in the collection of karma. The future sufferings are caused as fruits of these karmas.
6. प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतयः ।
PRAMAANAVIPARYAYAVIKALPANIDRAASMRUTAYAH |Avidya or Lack of Knowledge of True Self
Asmita or Ego
Raaga or Attachment
Dvesha or Hatred
Abhinivesha or Fear of Death and Disease
Whenever the reasons of our actions are one of these five main distresses, then impressions of those actions will be in the collection of karma. The future sufferings are caused as fruits of these karmas.
6. प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतयः ।
PRAMANA = EVIDENCE; VIPARYAY= MISCONCEPTION; VIKALPA = FALSE IMAGINATION, ILLUSION; NIDRA= DEEP SLEEP; SMRUTAYA = BY MEMORY;
They are (formed on the basis of) Evidence, Misconceptions, Altered Perception, Deep Sleep, and Memory.
7. प्रत्यक्षानुमानागमाः प्रमाणानि ।
PRATYAKSHAANUMANAAGAMAH PRAMANAANI |
PRATYAKSHA = DIRECT PERCEPTION OR EXPERIENCE; ANUMAANA = INTERPRETATION; AAGAMAAH = FROM TESTIMONIALS
Evidence based assumed views are through Direct Sense Perceptions, through Inference and through Testimonials.
8. विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानम् अतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम् ।
VIPARYAYO MITHYADNYANAM ATADROOPAPRATISHTHAM |
MITHYAADNYAANAM = FALSE KNOWLEDGE, DELUSION; ATAD = NOT ITS; ROOPA = FORM; PRATISHTHAM = ESTABLISHED;
Misconception is false knowledge of an object, which is not its true form.
9. शब्दज्ञानानुपाती वस्तुशून्यो विकल्पः ।
SHABDADNYANANUPAATI VASTUSHOONYO VIKALPAH |
SHABDA = SOUND, WORD; DNYANA = KNOLEDGE; ANUPATI = AS PER, BASED ON; VASTU = OBJECT; SHOONYA = LACKING, NOTHING, ABSENCE; VIKALPAH= FALSE IMAGINATION;
Altered Perception is the tendency to follow on the basis of knowledge of words in absence of the actual object.
10. अभावप्रत्ययालम्बना वृत्तिर्निद्रा ।
ABHAAVAPRATYAAYALAMBANAA VRUTTIRNIDRAA |
ABHAAVA = ABSENCE, LACKING, DEVOID OF; PRATYAYA = EXPERIENCES; ALAMBANA = SUPPORT, SOURCE; VRUTTI = TENDENCY; NIDRAA = DEEP SLEEP
Deep sleep is based on absence of experience.
The notion of Nidraa
or Deep Sleep helps in understanding the absence of awareness.
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