Patanjali Yoga Sootras - Chapter II - Saadhana Pad - Sootra 31- 40
Saadhana-Pad
Sootra 31 - Sootra 40
Sootra 31 - Sootra 40
31. जातिदेशकालसमयानवच्छिन्नाः सार्वभौमा महाव्रतम् ।
JAATIDESHAKAALASAMAYAANAVACCHINNAH SAARVABHOUMA MAHAVRATAM
JAATI=CASTES AND CREEDS; DESH=PLACE; KAALA=CIRCUMSTANCES; SAMAYA=TIME; ANAVACCHINNAH=WITHOUT BREAK; SAARVABHOUMA=APPLYING TO ALL; MAHAVRATAM=GREAT VOWS
Practicing these (Five) great vows without a break applies to all races, all places, all circumstances, and all times.
Practicing the five vows of self-control viz Non-violence, Truthfulness, Non-stealing, Celibacy and Non-indulgence without a break is applicable to all human beings no matter of which race, caste, creed, places, circumstances or time period they belong to.
32. शौचसंतोषतपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि नियमाः ।
SHOUCHASANTOSHATAPAHSVADHYAAYESHVARAPRANIDHAANAANI NIYAMAH
SHOUCHA=CLEANLINESS; SANTOSHA=CONTENTMENT; TAPAH=PENANCE; SVAADHYAAY=SELF-STUDY; ISHVARAPRANIDHANA=SURRENDER TO THE ALMIGHTY; NIYAMAH=SELF-RULES
Cleanliness, Contentment, Penance, Self-study and Surrender to the Almighty are the Niyamaa (Self-Discipline) to follow.
5 Niyamas to follow
- Shoucha - Cleanliness
- Santosha - Contentment
- Tapah - Abstinance or Control of mind over senses
- Svaadhyaay - Self-Study or inquiry into real self
- Ishvarapranidhana - Surrender to the higher power, the almighty
VITARKABAADHANE PRATIPAKSHABHAAVANAM
VITARKA=IRRATIONAL, OBSTRUCTING THOUGHTS; BAADHANE=AFFECT; PRATIPAKSHA=OPPOSITE; BHAAVANAM=STANDPOINT, STANCE;
Effects of obstructing thoughts can be overcome by taking opposite standpoint (by following the vows).
The vows of Yama and Niyama bring thoughts which are opposite to the thoughts that are obstructing to the goal of meditatioṇ.
34. वितर्का हिंसादयः कृतकारितानुमोदिता लोभक्रोधमोहपूर्वका मृदुमध्याधिमात्रा दुःखाज्ञानानन्तफला इति प्रतिपक्षभावनम् ।
VITARKAA HIMSADAYAH KRUTAKAARITAANUMODITA LOBHAKRODHAMOHAPOORVAKA MRUDUMADHYAADHIMAATRAA
DUHKHAADNYANAANANTAPHALAA ITI PRATIPAKSHABHAAVANAM
VITARKA= OBSTRUCTING, NEGATIVE THOUGHTS; HIMSADAYA=LEADING TO VIOLENCE; KRUTA=DONE BY SELF; KARITA=DONE THROUGH OTHERS; ANUMODITAA=APPROVED, ALLOWED, APPROVED; LOBHA=GREED; KRODHA=ANGER; MOHA=TEMPTATION; POORVAKA=PRECEDING; MRUDU=MILD; MADHYA=MEDIUM; ADHIMATRA=INTENSE; DUHKHA=MISERY; ADNYAAN=IGNORANCE; ITI=HENCE; PRATIPAKSHABHAAVANAM=OPPOSITE STANCE
Obstructing thoughts and feelings are due to violent deeds of any intensity, mild, medium or high done by self, or done through others or approved by self, preceded by greed, anger or temptation bring misery as a result of ignorance, hence the opposite stance (helps).
When an individual brings misery of any intensity to others or does it through others or allows others to do it out of greed, anger or temptation, the individual goes through irrational thoughts. Hence following the Yama and Niyama is given as the solution of taking of opposing standpoint.
35. अहिंसाप्रतिष्ठायां तत्सन्निधौ वैरत्यागः ।
AHIMSAAPRATISHTHAAYAAM TATSANNIDHAU VAIRATYAAGAH
AHIMSAA=NON-VIOLENCE; PRATISHTHAYAAM=ESTABLISH; TAT=THAT; SANNIDHAU=IN PROXIMITY; VAIRATYAAGAH=GIVE UP ENMITY
The enmity is easily given up by one who is in proximity of that yogi established in non-violence.
Violence is not only physical. It can also be mental violence or verbal violence. By following Non-violence of any of these three kinds, the enmity towards all is given up. Even wild animals can sense such yogis and won't harm them.
36. सत्यप्रतिष्ठायां क्रियाफलाश्रयत्वम् ।
SATYAPRATISHTHAYAAM KRIYAPHALAASHRAYATVAM
SATYA=TRUTH; PRATISHTHAYAAM=ESTABLISH; KRIYAA=DEED; PHALAA=RESULT; ASHRAYATVAM=AS PER ONE’S WISH
On establishing in truthfulness, results of deeds are as per one’s wish.
Truth always wins in the end. No matter how much time it takes. So, truthful person's deeds always result as per their wish.
37. अस्तेयप्रतिष्ठायां सर्वरत्नोपस्थानम् ।
ASTEYAPRATISHTHAAYAAM SARVARATNAH UPSTHAANAM
ASTEYA=NON-STEALING; PRATISHTHAAYAAM=ESTABLISH; SARVARATNAH=ALL WEALTH, ALL GEMS; UPSTHAANAM=COME NEAR
On establishing non-stealing all wealth comes near (the yogi).
Non-stealing means one earns wealth only through one's own effort. That results in getting more wealth than stealing from others.
38. ब्रह्मचर्यप्रतिष्ठायां वीर्यलाभः ।
BRAHMACHARYAPRATISHTHAAYAAM VEERYALAABHAH
BRAHMACHARYA=CELIBACY; PRATISHTHAAYAAM=ESTABLISH; VEERYALAABHAH=VIGOR, ENERGY
On establishing in celibacy there is more vigor.
Nature's purpose of reproduction is for the growth of the species. If one only follows this purpose and is within limits without letting the lust take over, one has more positive (Life) energy and vigor which is not wasted.
39. अपरिग्रहस्थैर्ये जन्मकथंतासंबोधः ।
APARIGRAHASTHAIRYE JANMAKATHANTAASAMBODHAH
APARIGRAHA=NON-ACCEPTANCE; STHAIRYE=STABILITY; JANMA=BIRTH; KATHANTA=STORY; SAMBODHAH=UNDERSTAND
Non-acceptance being in stability, one understands the story of their Birth.
Not acceptance or not taking any kind of favors from others makes one's mind free of any sense of obligation, or guilt. This pure mind is able to remember even the story of their own birth.
40. शौचात् स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा परैरसंसर्गः ।
SHOUCHAT SVAANGAJUGUPSAA PRAIRASANSARGAH
SHOUCHAT=FROM CLEANLINESS; SVAANGA=OWN BODY; JUGUPSAA=REPULSION; PARAIHI=BY OTHERS; SANSARGAH=CONTAMINATION;
From Cleanliness comes repulsion towards getting own body contaminated by others.
When one is strict about cleanliness of body, there is a feeling of repulsion to get too close others. That way one can avoid getting infected by others.
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